Fynbos Animal Hospital is committed to providing our clients with the latest information on animal health. One important pathogen that livestock owners should be aware of is Brucella ovis, a significant cause of reproductive issues in sheep. Understanding this bacterium can help in preventing and managing its impact on your flock.
What is Brucella ovis?
Brucella ovis is a bacterial pathogen that primarily affects sheep, leading to a condition known as ovine brucellosis. It is one of several species in the genus Brucella, which are known to cause brucellosis in various animals. Unlike some other Brucella species, B. ovis is not zoonotic, meaning it does not typically infect humans.
Transmission:
The bacterium is usually spread through direct contact between infected and healthy animals. This can occur during mating, via contaminated equipment, or through contact with infected secretions. Rams are the primary carriers and transmitters of the disease, which can spread during the breeding season.
Symptoms:
Infected rams often exhibit:
Epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis)
Reduced semen quality
Infertility
In ewes, symptoms are less pronounced but can include:
Abortions (though rare)
Decreased lambing rates
Diagnosis:
Diagnosis of Brucella ovis involves a combination of clinical signs and laboratory tests. Serological tests, such as the ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), are commonly used to detect antibodies against the bacterium. Culture and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests can also be performed to confirm the presence of the bacteria in tissue samples.
Treatment and Control:
There is no effective treatment for Brucella ovis infection, making control measures essential. Strategies include:
Regular testing of rams and culling those that are positive.
Implementing biosecurity measures to prevent the introduction of infected animals.
Using artificial insemination with semen from brucellosis-free rams.
Prevention:
Preventative measures are critical in managing Brucella ovis:
Quarantine new animals before introducing them to the flock.
Maintain a closed flock where possible.
Regularly monitor and test the flock, especially breeding rams, for signs of the disease.
Brucella ovis is a serious concern for sheep producers, with the potential to significantly impact flock fertility and productivity. At Fynbos Animal Hospital, we recommend routine screening and strict biosecurity practices to manage and prevent the spread of this infection. If you suspect your animals may be affected, contact us for further guidance and support.